A systematic approach begins with localization of the lesion to the peripheral nerves, identification of the underlying etiology, and exclusion of potentially treatable causes. The diagnosis requires careful clinical assessment, judicious laboratory testing, and electrodiagnostic studies or nerve biopsy if the diagnosis remains unclear. The most common treatable causes include diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and nutritional deficiencies.
Peripheral neuropathy has a variety of systemic, metabolic, and toxic causes.
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